date: Thu, 22 Jan 98 17:27:46 EST
from: ddokken@usgcrp.gov (Dave Dokken)
subject: TAR Nomination Letter
to: tar@usgcrp.gov, tp_impacts@usgcrp.gov, tp_policy@usgcrp.gov, tpfyi_impacts@usgcrp.gov, tpfyi_policy@usgcrp.gov, tprev_impacts@usgcrp.gov, tprev_policy@usgcrp.gov

No. 27096/M/IPCC/TAR

Geneva, 5 December 1997


Sir/Madam,

I have the honour of writing to you to invite nomination(s) 
from your Government of experts for consideration as Lead 
Author(s), Contributing Author(s) or Review Editor(s) for 
the different chapters of the Third Assessment Report (TAR) 
of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

As you may know, the IPCC has been jointly established by 
the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the 
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to assess 
available information on the science, the environmental and 
the socio-economic impacts, options for adaptation and 
mitigation and the economics of climate change and to 
provide, on request, scientific/technical/socio-economic 
information to the Conference of the Parties to the United 
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN 
FCCC) and its bodies.

As you may further know, the IPCC decided at its Thirteenth 
Session (Maldives, 22 & 25-28 September 1997) that the 
TAR would consist of the Reports of its three Working 
Groups, with their respective Summaries for Policymakers 
and Technical Summaries, and an IPCC Synthesis Report 
(see the attached copy, in Annex 1, of the Decision Paper on 
the IPCC Third Assessment Report). The Working Group 
Reports are expected to be completed late in the year 2000 
and the Synthesis Report by mid-2001.

Being fully intergovernmental, it has been the practice in 
IPCC for the Governments in the developed world to 
support their respective Lead Authors/Contributing 
Authors/Review Editors for participation in the preparation 
of the chapters/sections of the TAR. Such support extends to 
the travel and subsistence of Lead Authors/Review Editors to 
attend meetings of Lead Authors and other relevant meetings 
such as the sessions of the IPCC Working Groups and of 
the IPCC. The travel and subsistence of the Lead 
Authors/Review Editors from the developing countries and 
countries with economies in transition to attend the meetings 
of Lead Authors and other relevant meetings will be borne 
out of the IPCC Trust Fund by the IPCC Secretariat. The 
Contributing Authors are normally not required to attend 
these meetings.

An IPCC description of the roles and responsibilities of its 
Lead Authors/Contributing Authors is attached, in Annex 2, 
for your information. The Lead Authors are expected to draft 
the chapters, revise them at the end of the three IPCC-
mandated reviews, namely, the expert review, government 
technical/expert review and the final government review for 
further action. They will also contribute to drafting, revising 
and finalizing  the Summaries for Policymakers (SPMs).

The roles and responsibilities of Review Editors are to be 
found in Decision 7 in the attached Decision Paper (Annex 
1). The presence of Review Editors and selected Lead 
Authors may be requested at the sessions of the Working 
Groups and of the IPCC to assist in finalizing the SPM 
and/or the Report.


To Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Members of the UN 
and of WMO

The time commitment envisaged for the Lead Authors is of 
the order of a month or two per year for 1998, 1999 and 
2000 and that for Review Editors is less the first year; this 
time includes attendance in the meetings. It is expected that 
the Lead Authors/Review Editors each would need to attend 
3 meetings in 1998, one as early as in May. 

Charged with assessing and presenting factual matter, the 
tasks of the IPCC require that the nominee(s) have 
appropriate expertise. In this connection, I wish to inform 
you that the IPCC re-organized its Working Groups II and 
III at the Thirteenth Session so that: (i) Working Group I 
will continue to assess the scientific aspects of the climate 
system and climate change; (ii) Working Group II will 
assess the scientific, technical, environmental, economic and 
social aspects of vulnerability (i.e., sensitivity and 
adaptability) to climate change of, and the negative and 
positive impacts for, ecological systems, socio-economic 
sectors and human health, with an emphasis on regional 
sectoral and cross-sectoral issues; (iii) Working Group III 
will assess the scientific, technical, environmental, economic 
and social aspects of the mitigation of climate change, and 
through a multidisciplinary task group, will assess  the 
methodological aspects of cross-cutting issues (e.g., equity, 
discount rates and decision-making frameworks). The 
Synthesis Report will provide a policy-relevant synthesis 
and integration of the three Working Group Reports.  

A provisional listing of the contents of the Reports of the 
three Working Groups is enclosed, as Annex 3, for your use 
in guiding the choice your nominee(s). As many experts as 
you wish may be nominated whether it be for the same 
chapter or for different chapters. Every nomination must be 
accompanied by a curriculum vitae (c.v.) which includes a 
list of publications (or describes equivalent experience) in the 
field of the candidate's expertise. The IPCC will be unable to 
consider any candidacy which is unaccompanied by a c.v.

For your information, nominations are being requested from 
intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations as 
well. Irrespective of such request, your Government may 
wish to include experts from the academia, industry, 
environmental organizations and other non-governmental 
bodies in your nomination(s). All nominations will be 
forwarded to the respective Bureaux of the Working 
Groups, who are charged with selecting the Lead 
Authors/Contributing Authors/Review Editors. The IPCC 
procedures call for the inclusion of at least one Lead Author 
from the developing world for every chapter. Authors will 
be listed chapter-wise in the TAR. 

All nominations should reach me no later than 27 February 
1998 at the IPCC Secretariat, c/o World Meteorological 
Organization, 41, Avenue Giuseppe Motta, P.O. Box 2300, 
CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland (Tel: +41 22 7308208/284; 
Fax: +41 22 7331270; Telex: 414190 OMM CH). Your 
Government is invited to make use of the attached form 
(Annex 4) in making the nomination(s).   The form can be 
duplicated as many times as you wish.

Copies of this letter are being sent to the IPCC Focal/Contact 
Point(s), if any, the Permanent Representative with WMO 
and the UNEP Focal Point(s) of your country for 
information.  

Accept, Sir/Madam, the assurances of my highest 
consideration.

N. Sundararaman
Secretary of the IPCC


ANNEX 1

The IPCC Third Assessment Report Decision 
Paper

1.	Scope of the Third Assessment Report

(i)	The IPCC agrees that the Third Assessment Report 
will be comprehensive and cover the complete range 
of scientific, technical, economic and social issues 
associated with the climate system and climate 
change deemed important by the expert or policy-
making communities;

(ii)	The IPCC agrees that the Third Assessment Report 
will summarize the state of knowledge covered in 
previous IPCC reports, but will primarily assess 
information generated since the Second Assessment 
Report, recognizing that climate change is a global 
issue, but emphasizing the assessment of the regional 
aspects of climate change.

2.	Structure of the Third Assessment Report

(i)	The IPCC agrees that the Third Assessment Report 
will consist of reports of the three IPCC Working 
Groups (each with a brief Summary for 
Policymakers, a technical summary, and a series of 
chapters, each with an executive summary) and a 
Synthesis Report.

(ii)	The IPCC agrees that:

	Working Group I will assess the scientific aspects of 
the climate system and climate change; 

Working Group II will assess the scientific, 
technical, environmental, economic and social 
aspects of the vulnerability (sensitivity and  
adaptability) to climate change of, and the negative 
and positive consequences (impacts) for, ecological 
systems, socio-economic sectors and human health, 
with an emphasis on regional sectoral and cross-
sectoral issues;

	Working Group III will assess the scientific, 
technical, environmental, economic and social 
aspects of the mitigation of climate change, and 
through a task group (multidisciplinary team), will 
assess  the methodological aspects of cross-cutting 
issues (e.g., equity, discount rates and decision 
making frameworks); 

The Synthesis Report will provide a policy-relevant 
synthesis and integration of the three Working Group 
Reports (see issue number 4).

3.  	Scope of the Working Groups and 
Nomination of Lead Authors

 (i)	The IPCC agrees that the proposed scope of each of 
the three Working Groups  (outlined in the 
Background section)  is adequate for the IPCC 
Secretary to promptly request governments and 
IPCC  focal points, as well as organizations and 
experts to propose lead authors for the Third 
Assessment Report;

(ii)	The IPCC agrees that the Working Group Bureaus 
will meet early in 1998 to provisionally identify lead 
authors for the Third Assessment report primarily 
based on written  proposals received from 
governments, organizations and experts (curriculum 
vitaes should accompany nominations to assist the 
Bureaus select the most appropriate experts);

(iii)	The IPCC agrees that the chapter structures of each 
Working Group will be developed at a scoping 
meeting that will be attended by the Working Group 
Bureaus and the provisionally identified lead authors, 
and later approved by the  IPCC Working Groups in  
mid-1998.

4.	Scope and Structure of the Synthesis Report

(i)	The IPCC agrees that the Third Assessment Report 
should include a Synthesis Report that will be written 
in a non-technical style suitable for policymakers and 
will address a broad range of  key policy-relevant 
questions;

(ii)	The IPCC agrees that the IPCC Chairman and the 
Working Group Co-chairs will develop a list of key 
policy-relevant scientific questions in consultation 
with the President of the Conference of the Parties 
(COP) and the chairs of the subsidiary, and other, 
bodies of the COP, using the mechanism of the 
IPCC/FCC Joint Working Group.  The list will be 
circulated to governments for comment and the IPCC 
will approve the list at its Fourteenth Session.  This 
list can be revised at a later date under the 
responsibility of the IPCC Chair, and with the 
approval of the IPCC; 

(iii)	The IPCC agrees that the Working Groups will be 
asked to include assessment information relevant to 
those key policy-relevant scientific questions in their 
contributions to the TAR and to bring forward the 
key points in their summaries for policy-makers;

(iv)	The IPCC agrees that the Synthesis Report should 
synthesize/integrate material contained within the 
assessment reports of the three Working Groups;

(v)	The IPCC agrees that the Synthesis Report should 
consist of a short SPM and a longer report;

(vi)	The IPCC agrees that the SPM of the Synthesis 
Report will undergo a simultaneous  
expert/government review, and then be approved line 
by line by the IPCC;

(vii)	The IPCC agrees that the IPCC Chair will chair a 
geographically balanced the writing team for the 
Synthesis Report, with the writing team composition 
being agreed by the IPCC Bureau.

5.	Responsibility for ongoing special reports

(i)	The IPCC agrees that the Special Report entitled 
RAviation and the Global AtmosphereS will continue 
to be developed under the Co-chairs and TSUs of  
the past (1992-1997) Working Groups I and II, but 
in close collaboration with the new co-chairs and 
TSUs of Working Groups I and III, and will be 
submitted for approval/acceptance to a joint session 
of the new Working Groups I and III;

(ii)	The IPCC agrees that the Special Report entitled 
RMethodological and Technological Aspects of 
Technology Transfer: Opportunities for Technology 
CooperationS will continue to be developed under the 
Co-chairs and TSU of the past (1992-1997) Working 
Group II, but in close collaboration with the new 
Working Group III Co-chairs and TSU, and will be 
submitted for approval/acceptance to a  session of the 
new Working Group III;

(iii)	The IPCC agrees that the Special Report entitled 
REmissions ScenariosS will be transferred for further 
development to  the new Working Group III after the 
Thirteenth session of the IPCC ( Maldives, 22 and 
25-28 September, 1997) and will be submitted for 
approval/acceptance to a session of the new Working 
Group III.

6.	Peer-review process for the Working Group 
Reports of the Third Assessment Report

(i)	The IPCC agrees that Working Group reports 
(chapters, chapter executive summaries, and 
technical summaries) should undergo sequential open 
expert and expert/government peer reviews and then 
be accepted by the Working Groups;

(ii)	The Summaries for Policymakers will undergo 
simultaneous expert/government reviews and then be 
approved line-by-line by the Working Groups.

7.	The Editorial Review Process

(i)	The IPCC agrees that review editor(s) should be 
selected for the chapters (including their executive 
summaries) and technical summary of each Working 
Group report;

(ii)	The IPCC agrees that the review editors should be 
selected from  both members of the Working Group 
Bureaus and independent experts.  Review editors 
should not be involved in the preparation or review 
of material for which they are an review editor;

(iii)	The IPCC agrees that there should be one or two 
review editors per chapter and per technical 
summary;

(iv)	The IPCC agrees that the Working Group Bureaus 
are responsible for the selection of the review 
editors, ensuring appropriate representation from 
developed countries, developing countries and 
countries with economies in transition;

(v)	The IPCC agrees that the primary responsibilities of 
the review editors include: (i) assisting the Working 
Group Bureaus in identifying reviewers for the 
RexpertS review process; (ii) ensuring that all 
substantive expert and government review comments 
are afforded appropriate consideration; (iii) advising 
lead authors on how to handle 
contentious/controversial issues; and (iv) ensuring 
genuine scientific controversies are reflected 
adequately in the text.

(vi)	The IPCC agrees that the review editors 
communicate their findings to the Working Group 
sessions.

(vii)	The IPCC agrees that responsibility for the final text 
is that of the lead authors.  Where  significant 
differences of opinion remain unresolved, the review 
editors should  ensure that such differences are 
described  in an Annex to the report.

8.		Timing of the Third Assessment Report

(i)	The IPCC agrees that the three Working Group 
Reports of the Third Assessment Report should be 
approved/accepted by late 2000/ early 2001;

(ii)	The IPCC agrees that the Synthesis Report should be 
completed during the second quarter of the year 
2001.

9.	Promoting Enhanced participation of 
experts from Developing Countries and 
Countries with Economies in Transition

 (i)	The IPCC agrees that the IPCC Vice-chairs and 
Working Group Bureau members from developing 
countries and countries with economies in transition 
work with IPCC focal points within their regions to  
identify appropriate review editors,  lead authors, 
contributing authors and peer-reviewers: in addition, 
all members of the Bureaus are encouraged to assist 
in this process;

(ii)	The IPCC agrees that  the Working Group Bureaus 
should ensure balanced representation of lead authors 
(experts from developed and developing countries, 
and countries with economies in transition);

(iii)	The IPCC agrees that the Working Group Bureaus  
should be encouraged to increase the number of 
expert meetings and workshops in developing 
countries and countries with economies in transition, 
thus contributing to enhancing the networks of 
scientists and other experts in these regions.

10.	Promoting the participation of experts from 
Business/Industry/Finance, Development 
and Environmental Organizations

(i)	The IPCC agrees that non-government experts, 
including those from business, industry, finance and 
development and environmental organizations, with 
relevant expertise, should be involved in the 
preparation and review of the Third Assessment 
Report;

(ii)	The IPCC agrees that itUs Bureau and the TSUs, 
assist the IPCC Secretary, in identifying those 
experts;

(iii)	The IPCC agrees that it will be critical to have 
balance, including geographic balance, within and 
between experts from various non-governmental 
organizations. These experts will act in their 
personnel capacity, bring to bear their scientific, 
technological and economic expertise.

11.	Utilization of the non-English Language 
Literature

(i)	The IPCC agrees that the Working Group Bureaus, 
in conjunction with the chapter lead authors, should 
make every effort to assess the non-English language 
literature.

12.	Publication Procedures

(i)	The IPCC agrees that itUs Secretary, in conjunction 
with the Working Group TSUs, should examine the 
potential of  placing IPCC publications on Internet 
while using a commercial publisher.

13.	Translation Procedures

(i)	The IPCC agrees that the IPCC Secretary should 
invite all governments (developed, developing and 
countries with economies in transition) to contribute 
to the work of the IPCC by translating accepted 
Working Group reports into non-English  languages, 
in particular the official UN  languages.

14.	Structure of the IPCC Bureau

(i)	The IPCC agrees that the Bureau should consist of 
thirty members: the IPCC Chairman, the five IPCC 
Vice-chairmen, and the Bureaus of the three Working 
Groups;

(ii)	The IPCC agrees that the Bureau should be balanced, 
i.e., between developed countries, countries with 
economies in transition and developing countries; 
and between regions;

(iii)	The IPCC agrees that there will be five IPCC Vice-
chairs: two developed countries, one being a country 
with an economy in transition; and three from 
developing countries (one each from WMO regions 
1, 2 or 5, 3 or 4);

(vi)	The IPCC agrees that each Working Group has two 
Co-chairs (one from a developed country and one 
from a developing country);

(v)	The IPCC agrees that there is one developing country 
Working Group Co-chair from each of Africa, Asia 
and Latin America/Caribbean;

(vi)	The IPCC agrees that each Working Group Bureau 
will consist of two Co-chairs and six Vice-chairs 
(one from each of the WMO regions not covered by 
the co-chairs, wherever possible);

(vii)	The IPCC agrees that each WMO region may 
nominate their candidates for the IPCC Vice-chairs 
and its representatives on each Working Group 
Bureau (co-chairs and vice-chairs), taking into 
account the relevant expertise/qualifications  needed 
to perform the roles and responsibilities assigned to 
the IPCC Vice-chairs and  Working Group Bureaus.

15.	Funding for technical support units

(i)	The IPCC agrees that  the traditional approach be 
largely continued, whereby the government of the 
developed country Co-chair assumes the primary 
responsibility for funding  the TSU (office space, 
equipment, postage, communications, publications, 
travel, expert meeting facilities, and 1-2 professional 
and 3-4 support staff);

(ii)	The IPCC agrees that the IPCC trust fund should 
fund, to the extent needed and financially feasible, 
the agreed costs  to assist the developing country Co-
chairs perform their duties;

(iii)	The IPCC agrees that the secondments and/or 
financial assistance to the TSUs from the developed 
country Vice-chairs is highly desirable.

16.	Financial task team 

(i)	The IPCC agrees to establish a small financial task 
team to review income and expenditures, to assist in 
preparing the annual budget and to develop other 
recommendations on matters related to finance and 
administration for consideration by the IPCC;

(ii)	The IPCC agrees that the team  should be co-chaired 
by two government representatives from countries 
represented on the IPCC Bureau: one from a 
developed country, and one from either a developing 
country or country with an economy in transition.  
The co-chairs, and other members of the team (about 
four government representatives from countries 
represented on the Bureau), will be selected by the 
Bureau.


ANNEX 2

Tasks and Responsibilities for Lead Authors, 
Contributors, and Expert Reviewers of IPCC 
Report and IPCC Government Contacts

1.  LEAD AUTHORS (LAs)

Function:	To produce designated sections addressing 
items of the work programme on the basis of 
the best scientific and technical information 
available.

Comment:	Lead authors will typically work as small 
groups which have responsibility for 
ensuring that the various components of their 
sections are brought together on time, are of 
uniformly high quality and conform to any 
overall standards of style set for the 
document as a whole.

The task of lead authors is a demanding one 
and in recognition of this the names of LAs 
should appear prominently in the final report.  
During the final stages of report preparation, 
when the workload is often particularly heavy 
and when lead authors are heavily dependent 
upon each other to read and edit material,  
and to agree to changes promptly, it is 
essential that the work should be accorded the 
highest priority.

	The essence of the lead authors' task is 
synthesis of material drawn from the peer 
reviewed literature, generated at workshops 
or submitted by contributors.  Lead authors 
may not necessarily write original text 
themselves, but they must have the proven 
technical ability to develop text that is 
scientifically sound and that faithfully 
represents, to the extent that this is possible, 
contributions by a wide variety of experts.  
The ability to work to deadlines is also a 
necessary practical requirement.

	Principles Governing IPCC Work require 
LAs to record views which cannot be 
reconciled with a consensus view but which 
are nonetheless scientifically or technically 
valid. 

	Lead authors may convene meetings with 
contributors, as appropriate, in their 
preparations of their sections and to suggest 
any workshops in their relevant areas to the 
Subgroup or Working Group co-chairs.

2.  CONTRIBUTORS

Function:	To prepare technical information in the form 
of text, graphs or data for assimilation by the 
lead authors into the draft section.

Comment:	Input from a wide range of contributors is a 
key element in the success of IPCC 
assessments, and the names of all 
contributors should be acknowledged in the 
reports. Contributions are sometimes 
solicited by Lead Authors but unprompted 
contributions are positively encouraged.

	Contributed material may be edited, merged 
and if necessary, amended, in the course of 
developing the overall draft text.

3.  EXPERT REVIEWERS

Function:	To comment on the accuracy and 
completeness of the scientific/technical 
content and the overall scientific/technical 
balance of the drafts.

Comment:	Expert reviewers will comment on the text 
according to their own knowledge and 
experience. They may be nominated by 
Governments, national and international 
organizations, Working Group Bureaus, 
Lead Authors and contributors.

4.  GOVERNMENT REVIEW

Function:	To comment on the accuracy and 
completeness of the scientific/technical 
content and the overall scientific/technical 
balance of the drafts.

Comment:	Government review will typically be carried 
out within and between a number of 
Departments and Ministries.  Countries may 
convene their own seminars and workshops 
to review draft reports and advise on 
comments.  For administrative convenience, 
countries should nominate a single IPCC 
Government Contact.


ANNEX 3

Provisional Listing of the Contents of the IPCC 
Third Assessment Report (TAR)

This list is based on the outline which was provided in the 
background to Decision 3 in the IPCC Decision Paper on 
TAR. The background is not included in Annex 1.

Please note that the order of the subject matter could be 
different from what is given.

It is also possible that other subject areas could be included 
in the TAR at the suggestion of, for example, the user 
community (particularly the bodies of the UNFCCC), Lead 
Authors, Bureaux of the Working Groups/IPCC and IPCC.


Working Group I - A Scientific Assessment of the 
Climate System

Subject area 1:	The Climate System: an overview 
(description of the climate system);

Subject area 2:	Radiative Forcing of Climate Change 
(natural - including solar output and 
volcanic emissions,  and 
anthropogenic - including greenhouse 
gases and aerosols; climate forcing 
factors; the carbon cycle; atmospheric 
chemistry)

Subject area 3:	Observed Climate Variability and 
Change (observed changes in 
atmospheric composition, climate 
variables, cryosphere;  climate 
variability; model-guided 
interpretation of the observations)

Subject area 4a:	Physical Climate Processes and 
Feedbacks (physical processes 
involving, inter alia, oceans 
(including thermohaline circulation), 
clouds, cryosphere and water vapour; 
feedbacks and rapid non-linear 
effects)

Subject area 4b:	Biological Climate Processes and 
Feedbacks (terrestrial and aquatic 
ecological and biogeochemical 
processes including feedbacks and 
rapid non-linear effects)

Subject area 5:	Climate Models: Evaluation (the 
reliability and utility of the full 
hierarchy of climate models)

Subject area 6:	Global Climate Models: Projections 
of Future Climate (model simulations 
of past and current global climate; 
climate sensitivity; model simulations 
of future global changes in 
atmospheric composition, radiative 
forcing, climate, and cryosphere, 
using a wide range of possible long-
term emission scenarios and 
stabilization levels of greenhouse 
gases; response of major climate 
regimes such as, for example,  El 
Nino, to greenhouse forcing; 
predictability and considerations from 
chaos theory)

Subject area 7:	Regional Information: Models and 
Projections (approaches for 
developing regional climate 
information, downscaling etc.; 
reliability and utility of regional 
models; model simulations of past, 
current and future regional climate)

Subject area 8:	Changes in Sea Level (observed 
changes in sea level; model 
simulations of future changes in sea 
level)

Subject area 9:	Detection of Climate Change and 
Attribution of Causes

Subject area 10:	Advancing our Understanding (likely 
areas of advances in our 
understanding of climate change; 
priorities for research)


Working Group II - A Regional Assessment of 
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Options

%	Potential impacts of climate change and associated sea-
level rise on ecosystems, economic sectors and activities 
(including trade), infrastructure, human health, and 
societies.
%	Focus on regional and global scales of analysis; 
examination of potential economic, environmental, and 
social costs and benefits of changes in climate (including 
trade and equity implications) and the degree to which 
climate change may affect future capabilities to meet 
human needs (e.g., adequate food, clean water, a healthy 
environment, safe shelter).
%	Sensitivity of each system or sector (the degree to which 
a system responds to changes in climate), adaptation 
options (spontaneous or planned adjustments to climate 
changes) and vulnerability (the extent to which climate 
change may cause damage).
%	Results quantified to the extent possible, and based on a 
range of potential rates and magnitudes of change.
%	Analysis of adaptation options in terms of constraints 
and opportunities affecting implementation.
%	Wide range of disciplines (ecology, biology, hydrology, 
agronomy, geology, economics, and other natural and 
social sciences) covered.

The subject areas, each studied in terms of the above, 
include:

Subject area 1:	Forests and forestry

Subject area 2:	Agriculture and food security

Subject area 3:	Rangelands

Subject area 4:	Deserts

Subject area 5:	Soils and land degradation

Subject area 6:	Mountain regions

Subject area 7:	Cryosphere

Subject area 8:	Hydrology and water resources 
management

Subject area 9:	Freshwater, wetland, coastal, and 
marine ecosystems (including 
fisheries)

Subject area 10:	Infrastructure in coastal zones and on 
small islands

Subject area 11:	Human settlement patterns and 
conditions

Subject area 12:	Energy, industry, and transportation

Subject area 13:	Financial services (including 
insurance)

Subject area 14:	Human health

Subject area 15:	Integrated assessment


Working Group  III - A Scientific, Technical, 
Environmental, Economic and 
Social Assessment of Options 
to Mitigate Climate Change

%	Technologies, practices, policies and policy instruments 
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from sources and to 
enhance removals of greenhouse gases by sinks, 
covering all sectors and all greenhouse gases.

Subject area 1:	Technical, economic and market 
potential of technologies and practices 
to reduce greenhouse gases from 
energy supply and demand, industrial 
and transportation sources, waste 
disposal, agriculture and forestry, and 
other sources

Subject area 2:	Technical, economic and market 
potential of technologies and practices 
to enhance the removal of greenhouse 
gases, including both biological sinks 
(forests, soils, oceans) as well as 
technologies to capture and store 
carbon and technologies that can 
directly influence the earthUs radiation 
balance (geo-engineering)

Subject area 3:	Technical, financial, institutional and 
political barriers to effective use, 
diffusion and transfer of these 
technologies and practices

Subject area 4:	Policies and policy instruments to 
harness the potential of these 
technologies and practices and to 
overcome barriers, including 
incentives for the penetration of new 
technologies, national and regional 
information centres, public and 
private sector R&D programmes as 
well as fiscal instruments such as 
carbon, energy and pollution taxes, 
subsidy elimination, internalization of 
externalities, negotiated agreements, 
joint implementation, emissions 
trading and regulation

Subject area 5:	Global assessment of the mitigation 
potential of these technologies, 
practices and policies for all sectors 
and sources and sinks, including their 
social, economic and environmental 
dimensions

Subject area 6:	Regional assessment of the mitigation 
potential of these technologies, 
practices and policies for all sectors 
and for sources and sinks, including 
their local and regional social, 
economic and environmental 
dimensions

Subject area 7:	Assessment of emission scenarios to 
achieve stabilization of atmospheric 
concentrations of greenhouse gases 
and of the relevant policy mix 
underlying these scenarios

Subject area 8:	Costs and benefits of achieving 
different emission profiles and 
different stabilization levels on a 
global basis and costs and benefits of 
achieving different emission limitation 
and reduction profiles at a regional 
level, including cross-sectoral 
assessment of the use of discount 
rates

Subject area 9:	Assessment of the social, economic 
and environmental impacts of 
mitigation actions on all countries, 
including impact on trade relations

Subject area 10:	Assessment of decision-making 
frameworks involving both adaptation 
and mitigation approaches, equity and 
sustainable development 
considerations (such as common and 
differentiated responsibility, equitable 
burden sharing, intergenerational 
equity), integrated environmental 
assessment tools and other relevant 
aspects, including synergy with other 
global sustainable development and 
environmental protection regimes.


ANNEX 4

Nomination Form for Lead Author(s)/Contributing 
Authors/Review Editors for the TAR

Please send the completed form with the nomineeUs CV 
attached no later than 27 February 1998 to:

IPCC Secretariat, c/o WMO
41, Giuseppe Motta
C.P. N! 2300
1211 Geneva
SWITZERLAND
TEL: +441 2 7308 284/208
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NOMINEEUS FULL NAME (including title such as 
Prof., Dr, Mr, Ms )

NOMINEEUS FULL POSTAL ADDRESS

TEL:

FAX:

EMAIL:

Please indicate which Working Group Subject 
Area(s) the nominee would be qualified to 
contribute to and in which role(s) [LA = Lead 
Author; CA =Contributing Author; RE = Review 
Editor].


OTHER SUBJECT AREA:

WORKING GROUP: 


NomineeUs CV attached ___


NOMINATED BY (Name, address, country and/or 
organisation): 





Signature:

Date:





